Folates, or vitamin B9, are one of the key vitamins necessary for normal development of the body, especially during preparation for pregnancy and during the first weeks of pregnancy. They are involved in cell formation, DNA synthesis and cell division, which makes them particularly important for the growing body of the unborn child. Folate deficiency can have serious consequences for the health of the mother and child.
The main danger of folate deficiency for expectant mothers is associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects in the foetus. The neural tube forms in the first 3–4 weeks of pregnancy, when many women are not yet aware of their condition. A lack of folate during this critical period can lead to spina bifida, anencephaly or other congenital disorders.
Folate deficiency can occur for various reasons. It is often associated with insufficient intake of the vitamin in food. Folate is found in green vegetables, legumes, whole grains, citrus fruits, and some other fruits. If your diet is limited or not varied, the risk of deficiency increases. In addition, problems with vitamin absorption due to intestinal diseases, chronic alcoholism, or taking certain medications can also lead to folate deficiency.
Symptoms of deficiency can vary, but they are often non-specific: fatigue, weakness, irritability, pale skin, loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating. In more severe cases, anaemia may develop due to impaired red blood cell synthesis.
Prevention of folate deficiency is simple and effective. It is important to include foods rich in vitamin B9 in your diet and take folic acid supplements as recommended by your doctor, especially if you are planning to become pregnant. It is usually recommended to start taking supplements three months before conception and continue during the first weeks of pregnancy. For women at increased risk or with chronic diseases, your doctor may prescribe a higher dosage.
Monitoring your health is also important. Your doctor may recommend a blood test to check your folate levels and, if necessary, adjust your diet or add vitamin supplements. Following these simple steps helps reduce the risk of birth defects in your baby and supports your own health.
Folate plays a critical role in the health of the unborn child and mother. Vitamin B9 deficiency is easily prevented with proper nutrition and folic acid supplementation. Ensuring adequate folate levels before and during pregnancy is one of the simplest and most effective ways to ensure the safe development of the child and maintain your own health.
