The mother’s age is one of the factors affecting the health of the unborn child, including the risk of neural tube defects. The neural tube forms in the first 3–4 weeks of pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant, so preparing for pregnancy and understanding the possible risks is especially important.
Studies show that women under the age of 20 and over the age of 35 have a slightly increased risk of having a baby with neural tube defects. Young mothers are more likely to be inadequately prepared for pregnancy, including vitamin deficiencies, unbalanced nutrition, and unhealthy lifestyles. Older women may have accumulated chronic diseases, hormonal changes and reduced egg quality, which also affects foetal development.
It is important to note that age alone is not the only factor. The risk increases significantly when age is combined with other factors: folic acid deficiency, obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption or smoking, chronic diseases and infections. That is why preparing for pregnancy plays a key role, regardless of a woman’s age.
Prevention includes taking folic acid before conception, eating a healthy diet, managing chronic diseases, avoiding harmful habits, and planning for pregnancy. It is especially important for older women to undergo a medical examination, discuss vitamin intake with their doctor, and take additional safety measures. Young women should ensure that their bodies are ready for pregnancy and replenish any nutrient deficiencies.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle before pregnancy — regular physical activity, a balanced diet, weight control, avoiding alcohol and smoking — helps reduce risks to the unborn child. It is also recommended to consult with a doctor and undergo a medical examination before conception to identify and correct any factors that could affect the development of the neural tube.
Understanding the impact of maternal age and comprehensive preparation for pregnancy can reduce the risk of neural tube defects and other congenital disorders. Taking care of the health of the expectant mother before conception is one of the most effective ways to ensure the safe and harmonious development of the child from the first weeks of life.
